gogrynu

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *wokrinō, from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to separate, to cut off”).[1] By surface analysis, gogryn (“little sieve”) +‎ -u (verbal suffix).

Pronunciation

Verb

gogrynu (first-person singular present gogrynaf)

  1. to sift, to sieve
    Synonyms: gogru, rhidyllio
  2. to squander
  3. to shuffle, to shamble

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future gogrynaf gogryni gogryna gogrynwn gogrynwch gogrynant gogrynir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 gogrynwn gogrynit gogrynai gogrynem gogrynech gogrynent gogrynid
preterite gogrynais gogrynaist gogrynodd gogrynasom gogrynasoch gogrynasant gogrynwyd
pluperfect gogrynaswn gogrynasit gogrynasai gogrynasem gogrynasech gogrynasent gogrynasid, gogrynesid
present subjunctive gogrynwyf gogrynych gogryno gogrynom gogrynoch gogrynont gogryner
imperative — gogryna gogryned gogrynwn gogrynwch gogrynent gogryner
verbal noun gogrynu
verbal adjectives gogrynedig
gogrynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future gogryna i, gogrynaf i gogryni di gogrynith o/e/hi, gogryniff e/hi gogrynwn ni gogrynwch chi gogrynan nhw
conditional gogrynwn i, gogrynswn i gogrynet ti, gogrynset ti gogrynai fo/fe/hi, gogrynsai fo/fe/hi gogrynen ni, gogrynsen ni gogrynech chi, gogrynsech chi gogrynen nhw, gogrynsen nhw
preterite gogrynais i, gogrynes i gogrynaist ti, gogrynest ti gogrynodd o/e/hi gogrynon ni gogrynoch chi gogrynon nhw
imperative — gogryna — — gogrynwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
  • gogrynedig (“sifted”, adjective)
  • gogryniad (“act of sifting”)
  • gogryniedydd, gogrynwr, gogrynydd (“sifter”)
  • gogrynllydd (“shuffling gait”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gogrynu ogrynu ngogrynu unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gogrynaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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